b (your production) takes some time to count. Every land zone gives 1 production. The rest depends on this:
And the cities give:
No city - all square levels are white, the zone behaves as any other land zone with no square symbol.
Hamlet - The lowest level of the city is developed (filled with your national color). Developing this costs 4 resources and increases your production by 1.
Village - The two lowest levels of the city are developed. This second level costs 7 resources, increases your production by 2 and makes the zone holding it cost 12 resources to conquer.
Town - The three lowest levels of the city are developed. This level costs 13 resources, increases your production by 4 and makes the zone holding it cost 15 resources to conquer.
City - The fourth lowest levels of the city are developed. This level costs 25 resources, increases your production by 8 and makes the zone holding it cost 20 resources to conquer.
Metropolis - The five lowest levels of the city are developed. This level costs 50 resources, increases your production by 20 and makes the zone holding it cost 40 resources to conquer.
If a zone holding a city is conquered, the highest level is destroyed (turned white), but the levels below can be kept by the conqueror.
I'm not sure what you mean with excess resources. Resources are already your excess production/stored production. Anyways, just redo this turn and forget about the earlier maps, the errors were mostly mine anyways. I don't think you've lost resources, though.
Poll
